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Kayan aikin tashar hanyar sadarwa

Mai Duba Port

Bincika ko tashar TCP tana buɗe akan mai masauki daga uwar garken bayan WordPress ɗinku.

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Rumbun Ilimi

Menene Port Checker?

A cikin sadarwar kwamfuta, wani Adireshin IP yana gano takamammen na'urar a kan hanyar sadarwa, yayin da a Tashar hanyar sadarwa yana aiki a matsayin ƙofa ko tashar dijital ta musamman wanda bayanai ke gudana ta cikinsa. Ka yi tunanin adireshin IP a matsayin ginin gida, kuma tashoshi a matsayin lambobin gida guda ɗaya. Aikace-aikace daban-daban suna amfani da tashoshi daban-daban don sarrafa zirga-zirgar bayanai lokaci guda ba tare da tsangwama ba.

A Mai Duba Port ma'aikaci ne mai mahimmanci don gwajin hanyar sadarwa wanda aka tsara don gwada idan tashar waje ta musamman tana buɗe ko a rufe a adireshin IP na jama'a. Yana aiki ta hanyar ƙoƙarin kafa haɗin TCP kai tsaye daga sabar bincikenmu na waje zuwa adireshin IP ɗin da aka yi niyya da lambar tashar da aka keɓe.

Idan sabar ta karɓi haɗin, tashar tana da alama a matsayin Bude, ma'ana aikace-aikace ko sabis yana saurara da kuma isa daga intanet na jama'a. Idan buƙatar ta kare ko aka ƙi, ana yiwa tashar alama a matsayin Rufe ko tace, wanda ke nuna cewa babu wani sabis da ke aiki, ko kuma wuta tana hana shigowar zirga-zirga.

Yin binciken tashoshi na waje yana da mahimmanci don kafa hanyar shiga tebur na nesa, karbar bakuncin sabar gidan yanar gizo da kai, daidaita ka'idojin VPN, ko gyara wutan labule na tsaro. Yana ba ka damar tabbatar da cewa dokokin tura tashoshi na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na gida suna aiki daidai ba tare da fallasa cibiyar sadarwarka ga hadurran tsaro da ba a yi niyya ba.

Yadda ake amfani da shi

1

Gano Target IP

Shigar da adireshin IP na jama'a ko sunan yankin da kake son bincika. Kayan aikin zai cika adireshin IP na jama'a na yanzu ta atomatik ta tsohuwa.

2

Ƙayyade Lambobin Tashar

Ka shigar da takamaiman lambar tashar da kake son tabbatarwa (misali, 80, 443, 22) ko zaɓi daga jerin mu na aikace-aikacen da ake sa ido akai.

3

Nazarin Matsayin Haɗi

Danna maɓallin duba kuma nan take duba grid matsayin bincike, tabbatarwa ko ƙofar tana Buɗe ko Rufewa ga yanar gizo na jama'a.

Tunatarwar Tsaro: Barin tashoshi marasa buƙata a buɗe ga intanet na jama'a yana haifar da babban raunin tsaro, yana barin masu kutse su duba hanyar sadarwar ku don cin gajiyar software. Kawai buɗe tashoshi waɗanda ake buƙata sosai, kuma kiyaye su da ingantaccen tabbaci da wuraren wuta masu tsauri.

Tambayoyin da aka fi yawan yi

Koyi game da tura tashar jiragen ruwa, kurakuran haɗi, katangar wuta, da taswirar raunin hanyar sadarwa.

Buɗaɗɗen tashar (port) na nufin cewa wani aikace-aikacen hanyar sadarwa a kan na'urarka yana sauraron buƙatun haɗi masu shigowa a kan wannan tashar, kuma firewall na router ɗinka yana ba da damar fakitocin waje su shiga. Misali, uwar garken yanar gizo (web server) yana buƙatar tashar 80 ko 443 ta kasance a buɗe domin masu amfani na waje su iya loda gidan yanar gizon a cikin masu binciken gidan yanar gizo (web browsers) nasu.

Wannan bambance-bambancen yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar daya daga cikin shingaye guda uku: Na farko, mai ba da hanyar sadarwa na gida (router) yana toshe zirga-zirgar saboda ba ka saita dokar Port Forwarding don tura zirga-zirgar zuwa na'urarka ta musamman ba. Na biyu, katanga mai kariya ta software na tsarin aiki (kamar Windows Defender ko ufw) tana toshe buƙatun shigowa. Na uku, mai ba da sabis na Intanet (ISP) na iya toshe tashar a matakin mai ɗaukar kaya.

Tashoshin sadarwa da aka daidaita suna aiwatar da ka'idojin intanet na musamman. Lambobin gama-gari sun haɗa da: Port 21 domin FTP (Canja wurin Fayil) Port 22 don SSH (Secure Shell shiga nesa), Port 25 don tsarin tafiyar da imel ta SMTP, Port 80 don daidaitaccen zirga-zirgar yanar gizo HTTP mara ɓoyewa Port 443 don amintaccen binciken HTTPS mai ɓoyewa, da Port 3389 ga Windows Remote Desktop (RDP).

Na'urar tafiyar da hanyar sadarwarka tana amfani da tsarin da ake kira NAT don raba adireshin IP na jama'a guda ɗaya tsakanin dukkan na'urorin cikin gida a cikin hanyar sadarwar gidanka (kamar PC, waya, da console). Lokacin da buƙata ta waje ta shiga na'urar tafiyar da hanyar sadarwarka a kan wata tashar jirgi ta musamman, na'urar tafiyar da hanyar sadarwar ba ta san wace na'ura ce za ta karɓe ta ba. Port Forwarding tana gaya wa na'urar tafiyar da hanyar sadarwarka, "Aika duk wani zirga-zirga mai shigowa kan tashar jirgi 80 kai tsaye zuwa uwar garken yanar gizo na gida a 192.168.1.50."

Ee, sosai. Lokacin da VPN ɗinka ya haɗu, zirga-zirgar abubuwan ka na bi ta hanyar uwar garken nesa, yana canza adireshin IP na jama'a zuwa IP na uwar garken VPN. Idan ka gudanar da binciken tashar jirgi, kana gwada tashoshin jirgi a kan uwar garken VPN, ba na na'urar hanyar sadarwa ta gida ba. Saboda kusan dukkanin masu samar da VPN masu inganci suna toshe duk tashoshin shiga ta hanyar tsoho don kare masu amfani da su, gwajin zai bayar da rahoton tashoshin a matsayin rufe.

CGNAT wata hanya ce ta tura da yawa daga cikin masu samar da wayar hannu da ISPs na gida ke amfani da ita, inda dubban na'urorin hanyoyin gida daban-daban ke raba wani adireshin IP na jama'a guda daya da ake gudanarwa a cibiyar bayanai ta ISP. Idan haɗin ku yana bayan CGNAT, hanyoyin tura buɗe tashoshi na al'ada a matakin na'urar hanyar sadarwa za su gaza gaba ɗaya, kuma duk tashoshin shiga za su nuna a matsayin rufaffe saboda ba ku da damar keɓancewa ga ƙofar IP na jama'a.

Samfura
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